Radio frequency radiation from cell phones

Radio frequency radiation from cell phones

National Toxicology Program / U.S. Department of health and human services

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Cell phones are currently used by 95% of American adults.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designated radio frequency radiation (RFR) used by cell phones
for a study of NTP due to the widespread public use of cell phones and limited knowledge about
potential health effects from long-term exposure.

NTP STUDIES AND CONCLUSIONS

NTP conducted two-year toxicology studies in rats and mice to help clarify potential health risks,
including cancer risk , related to exposure to RFRs such as those used in 2G and 3G cell phones that operate
in a frequency range of approximately 700 to 2700 megahertz (MHz ). These were published as technical reports in November 2018.

What have the studies found?

The NTP uses a standard scale (Chart of the NTP Level of Evidence Rating System for Cancer Studies) to determine the strength of evidence for an association between exposure and tissue outcomes or organs studied. The scale goes from the highest rating of "clear evidence", followed by "some evidence", then "equivocal evidence" and finally "no evidence". Different organs or tissues may have different conclusions.

NTP studies have found that high exposure to RFR (900 MHz) used by cell phones is associated with:

  • Clear evidence of an association with tumors in the hearts of male rats. The tumors were malignant schwannomas.
    • Some evidence for an association with tumors in the brains of male rats. The tumors were gliomas malignant.< br />
      • Some evidence for an association with tumors in the adrenal glands of male rats. Tumors were combined benign, malignant, or complex pheochromocytomas.

It was unclear whether the tumors observed in the studies were caused by exposure to RFR in female rats (900 MHz) and male and female mice (1900 MHz).

As a As a follow-up, the NTP published a paper in October 2019 that assessed DNA damage in three regions of the brain, liver, and blood cells in rats and mice that were earlier removed from the toxicology study of 2 years in progress. . DNA damage, if left unrepaired, can potentially lead to tumors. This work has also been included in the technical reports published by the NTP, but this study includes analyzes of the data in supplementary information not included in the technical reports.

NTP scientists found that exposure to RFR was associated with increased DNA damage. Specifically, they found that exposure to RFR was linked to a significant increase in DNA damage in:

  • the frontal cortex of the brain in male mice,
  • blood cells of female mice, and
  • the hippocampus of male rats.

There is There are many factors that influence whether damaged DNA will lead to tumors. The NTP plans to conduct additional studies to learn more about how RFR might damage DNA. Please see the FAQs below for more information on specific studies and the NTP Cell Phone RFR Program.

What are NTP's future plans to study mobile phone RFRs?

The NTP strives to better understand the biological basis of cancer findings reported in its previous RFR studies. The program has developed smaller RFR exposure chambers for additional short-term studies that will take weeks and months rather than years. The NTP aims to better understand the underlying effects of RFRs on biological systems, for example by examining biomarkers of damage.
Biomarkers are measurable physical changes, such as DNA damage, that can be seen in less time than it takes to develop cancer and that could be predictive of disease. NTP scientists also want to know if heat or exposure-related stress plays a role in the development of cancer.

With 5G technology on the horizon, many questions have been raised about what this means with respect to human exposures to RFR. A significant difference between 5G and current networks is that 5G will use a wider range of frequencies, including those much higher than the previously rated NTP (> 6000 MHz). The lower frequency ranges currently in use (700-2700 MHz) remain relevant as they will continue to be used in existing cellular communication networks, as well as the 5G network.

Higher frequencies, called millimeter waves, can transmit huge amounts of data quickly with increased network capacity compared to current technologies. Millimeter waves do not travel as far and penetrate the body as deeply as lower frequency wavelengths. Since these millimeter waves probably do not penetrate deeper than the skin, there is less concern that these frequencies could have harmful effects on the heart and brain.

However, scientists do not know whether millimeter waves can cause toxicity in human skin and other tissues. Since NTP studies have demonstrated that there is some interaction between exposure to RFR at the frequencies tested and cancers of certain tissues, it is necessary to understand the interaction between RFR and biological tissues and the factors that affect this interaction.

The exposure system is also designed to allow NTP to conduct studies with various RFR frequencies and modulations used by cell phones to track the evolving technologies in the telecommunications industry.
In general, NTP scientists want to understand the impact of RFR exposure on biological tissues, regardless of generation, or G.

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