Hazardous health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations emitted from mobile phone on the reproductive system

  • American Society and European Academy of Andrology
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Dangerous health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation
emitted by mobile phones on the reproductive system

Effets dangereux sur la santé des rayonnements électromagnétiques

“Infertility” is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives. Infertility affects nearly 15% of couples of childbearing age, and in 50% of cases infertility is of male origin.

Our previous study of healthy men in the Chongqing region of southwest China also indicated that sperm quality was declining. Our survey results revealed that 61.1% of healthy men had at least one sperm parameter below normal cut-off values for World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (Liet al., 2009 ).

Congenital and acquired factors can lead to infertility. Environmental factors include chemicals, ionizing radiation, stress, as well as electromagnetic waves (Wdowiaket al., 2007; Gutschiet al., 2011).

Types of studies: Animal studies, in vitro laboratory studies and human studies (including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies) on the association between the use cell phone status and sperm quality were included.

Only studies with a control or comparison group were eligible for inclusion in the review. Participants: Healthy donors and patients presenting to the infertility clinic were included in human studies and in vitro laboratory studies.

Exposure variables: frequency of cell phone use for human studies, exposure condition including exposure devices, signal type, distance, time exposure limits for in vitro studies and animal studies.

Outcome measures: concentration, motility, viability, volume, and percent morphology Normal sperm counts have been used primarily to assess semen quality. Studies that did not provide enough original data to calculate the mean difference were excluded from this meta-analysis.

In human studies, although results on the association between mobile phone use are quite inconsistent, most of the included studies (four out of six) reported that mobile phone use had negative effects on sperm parameters.

Regarding the studies In vitro laboratory studies, most studies (four out of five) showed that sperm motility and viability decreased after exposure to RF-EMR. In animal studies, three studies (Yanet al., 2007; Zhanget al., 2010; Guanet al., 2012) showed that RF-EMR exposure had adverse effects on sperm motility and viability. /p>

Twelve studies reported data and were used in the meta-analysis. Since semen parameters are continuous data, we used the weighted mean difference (WMD) to estimate the effect of mobile phone use. The weight values were automatically calculated by the Revman 5.2 software by the inverse variance method.

The inverse of the pooled variance was used as the weight value for each case. In the included human studies, significant heterogeneity was observed in concentration, motility, viability and percentage of normal sperm morphology in the combined groups.

Only heterogeneity can be accepted in the volume comparison (p>0.10, I2<50%). However, no significant mean difference was observed in the pooled analysis. We performed subgroup analyzes to test the source of heterogeneity according to participant (healthy vs infertile), comparison group (four groups vs two groups), semen analysis criteria (WHO 4th edition vs WHO 5th edition).

études in vitro, les résultats des méta-analyses ont montré que l'exposition aux RF est un facteur de risque pour la motilité et la viabilité des spermatozoïdes.

Using the mobile phone has become an essential part of our lives. The effects of RF emitted by mobile phones on the male reproductive system have raised public concern (Agarwalet al., 2011). Our study reviewed all available published literature that investigated the effect of mobile phone use on five semen parameters using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systemic review has shown that the results of most human studies and in vitro laboratory studies indicate that cell phone use or RF exposure have negative effects on semen parameters. Four human studies, four in vitro studies and four animal studies, including 1533 men and 97 rats were included in the meta-analysis.

In human studies, based on the results of the pooled analysis , mobile phone use had no definite adverse effects on semen parameters, and comparison groups and timing of mobile phone use did not affect the results. Two factors can affect human results and may contribute to the great heterogeneity.

First, there is great variation in semen analysis methodologies in different laboratories. Second, sperm parameters are generally not normally distributed, especially sperm concentration. But mean values were used in the included studies, which cannot describe the actual data in populations.

Compared to in vitro laboratory studies and animal studies, human studies are difficult to organize and carry out, which is why the number of human studies is limited. But the results of human studies are the best evidence to clarify this question.

In in vitro studies, results from meta-analyses have shown that RF exposure is a risk factor for sperm motility and viability. Because experimental conditions in the laboratory can be easily controlled, confounding factors were easily ruled out. Therefore, heterogeneity was acceptable in the included studies.

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